Hammertoes ( Disease & Conditions, Treatments & Procedures , Symptoms )

Hammer toe is a condition in which the toe bends downward at the middle joint, creating a hammer-like appearance. It most commonly affects the second, third, or fourth toes. Hammer toe can be caused by several factors, including genetics, wearing ill-fitting shoes, and certain medical conditions. Symptoms may include pain, discomfort, and difficulty wearing shoes. Treatment options include changing footwear, stretching and exercises, custom orthotics, and surgery in severe cases.

This article covers the following topics :

What are hammertoes?

Hammer toe is a foot deformity that occurs when one or both joints of the second, third, fourth, or fifth toes bend abnormally, resembling a hammer or a claw. This condition can cause pain and discomfort, especially when wearing shoes or walking. It can also affect the balance and stability of the foot, making it more difficult to walk or stand for long periods of time.

Hammer toe can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, injury, or wearing shoes that are too tight or high-heeled. People with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or arthritis, are also at increased risk for developing hammer toe.

The symptoms of hammer toe can vary depending on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, there may be no pain or discomfort, while in more severe cases, there may be swelling, redness, and pain at the affected area. In some cases, the toe may become rigid or immobile, making it difficult to bend or straighten.

Hammer toe can often be treated with non-surgical methods, such as wearing comfortable shoes with adequate support and padding, using shoe inserts or orthotics, and performing exercises to stretch and strengthen the toe muscles. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the deformity.

There are several types of surgical procedures that can be used to treat hammer toe, including arthroplasty, arthrodesis, and tendon transfer. Your healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the severity of the condition and other factors.

If left untreated, hammer toe can lead to more serious foot problems, such as corns, calluses, or ulcers, which can be difficult to heal and may increase the risk of infection. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of hammer toe.

What’s the difference between mallet toes, hammertoes and clawtoes?

Mallet toes, hammertoes, and clawtoes are all deformities of the toes, but they differ in the joints that are affected and the position of the toe.

Mallet toes occur when the joint at the end of the toe is affected, causing the toe to bend downward. Hammertoes occur when the middle joint of the toe is affected, causing the toe to bend upward. Clawtoes occur when both the middle and end joints of the toe are affected, causing the toe to curl downward.

All three conditions can cause discomfort, pain, and difficulty wearing shoes. They are often caused by poorly fitting shoes, muscle or tendon imbalance, or neurological or structural problems.

What are the types of hammertoes?

There are two main types of hammertoes:

1-Flexible hammertoes: These are early stage deformities where the toes are still movable at the joint, and the condition can often be treated with non-surgical methods.

2-Rigid hammertoes: These are more severe deformities where the toes become fixed in an abnormal position, making them less flexible and harder to treat. Rigid hammertoes may require surgical intervention.

Who is likely to get hammertoes?

Hammertoes can affect anyone, but they are more common in women and in people who wear tight or narrow shoes. Other risk factors for hammertoes include having a family history of the condition, having a foot deformity at birth, having arthritis or other foot problems, and certain neurological or muscle disorders that affect the feet.

Do hammertoes hurt?

Yes, hammertoes can be painful. The pain is usually caused by the pressure and friction of the toe rubbing against shoes or other toes. If the hammertoe becomes severe, it can cause pain and discomfort when walking or standing. In some cases, the pain may be constant and not relieved by rest.

Are hammertoes the same things as bunions?

No, hammertoes and bunions are not the same things. A hammertoe is a deformity of the toe where the toe bends downward at the middle joint, whereas a bunion is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe. However, both conditions can cause discomfort and affect a person’s ability to wear certain types of shoes.

Can hammertoes cause numbness?

Yes, hammertoes can cause numbness. When the toes are bent, they can cause pressure on the nerves and blood vessels that supply the toes. This pressure can lead to a reduced blood supply to the affected area and nerve compression, causing numbness, tingling, or burning sensations. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience these symptoms to prevent any further damage or complications.

What causes hammertoes?

Hammertoes are usually caused by a muscle and ligament imbalance around the toe joint, which leads to increased pressure and eventually changes the toe’s shape. Factors that may contribute to this muscle and ligament imbalance include:

1-Genetics: Some people inherit a tendency to develop hammertoes.

2-Footwear: Wearing shoes that are too tight, too narrow, or too high can force the toes into a bent position.

3-Toe injury: A previous toe injury, such as a stubbed or broken toe, can increase the risk of developing a hammertoe.

4-Arthritis: Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can cause joint inflammation and stiffness, leading to the development of hammertoes.

5-Neurological conditions: Certain neurological conditions, such as cerebral palsy or stroke, can cause muscle weakness and increase the risk of developing hammertoes.

What are the symptoms of hammertoes?

The symptoms of hammertoes may include:

1-Pain or irritation when wearing shoes.

2-A corn or callus on the affected toe.

3-Difficulty in flexing or moving the toe.

4-A toe that curls downward and is unable to straighten.

The symptoms may worsen over time if left untreated.

What makes hammertoes worse?

Hammertoes can worsen due to several factors, including:

1-Tight footwear: Shoes that are too tight or narrow can squeeze the toes together, forcing them into unnatural positions.

2-High heels: High-heeled shoes can put excessive pressure on the toes, causing them to bend or curl.

3-Toe injuries: Injuries to the toes, such as stubbing them or dropping something on them, can lead to hammertoes.

4-Arthritis: Arthritis in the feet can cause joints to become stiff and deformed, leading to hammertoes.

5-Muscle or nerve damage: Damage to the muscles or nerves in the feet can affect the way the toes move, causing them to bend or curl abnormally.

How are hammertoes diagnosed?

To diagnose hammertoes, a healthcare provider will start by performing a physical examination of the foot. They will examine the toe to determine if it is bent or contracted. They may also look for any signs of corns or calluses, which can develop as a result of the toe rubbing against shoes.

In some cases, the healthcare provider may order X-rays to get a better look at the structure of the foot and the affected toe. The X-rays can help the healthcare provider determine the severity of the condition and whether there are any underlying bone problems that may be contributing to the hammertoe.

How are hammertoes treated? How are they corrected?

Hammertoes can be treated using conservative and surgical methods. Conservative treatments focus on relieving pain and pressure on the toes, correcting foot mechanics, and preventing the progression of the deformity. Some of the conservative treatments include:

*Wearing roomy, comfortable shoes with a low heel and plenty of toe room.

*Using shoe inserts or custom orthotics to correct foot mechanics and provide support.

*Exercises to stretch and strengthen the toes and foot muscles.

*Applying ice or heat to the affected area to reduce inflammation and pain.

*Using over-the-counter pain medications or corticosteroid injections to relieve pain and inflammation.

If conservative treatments do not work, surgery may be necessary to correct the deformity. Surgical correction of hammertoes involves releasing or lengthening the affected tendons and ligaments, and removing a small piece of bone in some cases. The type of surgery depends on the severity of the deformity, the number of toes affected, and the presence of other foot conditions.

After surgery, the patient will need to wear a special shoe or a cast for several weeks to protect the toe while it heals. Physical therapy may also be recommended to restore strength and mobility to the toe.

It’s important to note that surgery for hammertoes is usually only recommended when conservative treatments fail or when the deformity is causing severe pain or interfering with daily activities.

What are the risks of hammer toe treatment?

As with any medical procedure, there are risks associated with hammer toe treatment. Some of the risks may include:

1-Infection: There is a risk of infection with any surgical procedure. Your doctor will take steps to minimize this risk, such as sterilizing equipment and using antibiotics.

2-Nerve damage: There is a risk of nerve damage with any surgery, which could cause pain or numbness.

3-Swelling and pain: You may experience swelling and pain after the surgery, but this usually resolves within a few weeks.

4-Stiffness: There is a risk of stiffness in the toe joint after surgery, but this can usually be managed with exercises and physical therapy.

5-Recurrence: In some cases, the hammer toe may recur, especially if the underlying cause is not addressed.

It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of treatment with your doctor to determine the best course of action for your individual situation.

Is Hammertoes surgery performed standing or lying down?

Hammertoe surgery can be performed in either a standing or lying down position, depending on the technique and preferences of the surgeon. In some cases, local anesthesia may be used, and the patient can be awake during the procedure. However, in other cases, general anesthesia may be necessary, and the patient will be unconscious during the surgery. It’s important to discuss the details of the procedure, including anesthesia, with the surgeon beforehand.

How long does it take to recover from hammer toe surgery?

The recovery time for hammer toe surgery can vary depending on the extent of the surgery, the individual’s overall health, and the specific post-operative instructions given by the surgeon. In general, it may take several weeks to several months for the foot to fully heal and for normal activities to be resumed. During the recovery period, it is important to follow the surgeon’s instructions closely, including keeping the foot elevated, wearing a special shoe or boot, and avoiding putting weight on the affected foot as directed. Pain management and physical therapy may also be recommended to aid in recovery.

What should I do while I recover from surgery for hammertoes?

After surgery for hammertoes, it is important to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider. This may include:

1-Rest: Rest is crucial to allow the foot to heal properly. You may need to use crutches or a walker to avoid putting weight on the foot.

2-Ice: Applying ice to the foot can help reduce swelling and pain. Your healthcare provider may recommend that you apply ice for 20 minutes at a time, several times a day.

3-Elevation: Elevating the foot above heart level can help reduce swelling.

4-Medications: Your healthcare provider may prescribe pain medication to help manage any discomfort you may experience after surgery.

5-Physical therapy: Physical therapy may be recommended to help you regain strength and range of motion in your foot.

6-Follow-up appointments: It is important to attend all follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to ensure proper healing and to address any concerns you may have.

7-Avoiding certain activities: You may need to avoid certain activities, such as running or jumping, for a period of time as directed by your healthcare provider.

It is important to talk to your healthcare provider about any questions or concerns you may have about recovering from surgery for hammertoes.

Can hammertoes be prevented? How can I reduce my risk?

There are some steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing hammertoes or prevent them from getting worse:

1-Wear properly fitting shoes: Shoes that are too tight or too narrow can cause hammertoes. Make sure your shoes fit properly, have a wide toe box, and provide ample arch support.

2-Avoid high heels: High heels put pressure on the toes and can cause them to curl up into a hammertoe position. If you must wear heels, choose ones with a low heel and a wide toe box.

3-Wear shoe inserts or pads: Shoe inserts or pads can help redistribute your weight and relieve pressure on your toes.

4-Stretch your toes: Gentle stretches can help keep the muscles in your toes flexible and prevent them from stiffening up.

5-Exercise regularly: Regular exercise can help improve circulation and prevent muscle and joint stiffness.

6-Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight can put additional pressure on your feet and toes, increasing your risk of developing hammertoes.

It’s important to note that once hammertoes have formed, they cannot be fully corrected without surgery. However, taking these steps can help slow their progression and reduce pain and discomfort.

Will hammertoes affect my walking?

Hammertoes may affect walking or running if left untreated. The condition can cause pain and discomfort, making it difficult to wear shoes or engage in physical activity. In severe cases, the toe may become rigid and unable to move, which can also affect mobility. However, with proper treatment and management, most people with hammertoes are able to maintain their normal activity level.

How long will I have hammertoes?

Hammertoes can be a permanent condition, but with appropriate treatment, the symptoms can be managed effectively. The severity of the hammertoe will determine the treatment and the prognosis. In some cases, hammertoes may progress and worsen over time, causing more pain and discomfort. It is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible to prevent any further complications.

Can hammertoes just go away?

No, hammertoes do not typically just go away on their own. They are a progressive condition, meaning they will gradually worsen over time without treatment. However, with proper treatment, the symptoms of hammertoes can be managed and the condition can be slowed or even reversed in some cases. It is important to seek treatment as soon as you notice any symptoms to prevent further complications.

How do I take care of my hammertoes? Are there any at-home treatments?

There are several things you can do at home to take care of your hammertoes and relieve the pain:

1-Wear shoes that fit properly: Avoid high heels, tight-fitting shoes, and shoes with narrow or pointed toe boxes.

2-Wear shoe inserts or orthotics: These can help support the arch of the foot and relieve pressure on the toes.

3-Stretch your toes: Perform toe stretches, toe curls, and toe scrunches daily to strengthen the muscles and improve flexibility.

4-Apply ice: Use ice packs or a bag of frozen peas wrapped in a towel to reduce pain and swelling.

5-Use over-the-counter pain relievers: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can help reduce pain and inflammation.

6-Tape or splint your toes: Taping or splinting the affected toes can help alleviate pain and prevent further deformity.

It’s important to note that while these at-home treatments can provide temporary relief, they will not correct the underlying structural problem causing the hammertoes. It’s best to see a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

What is it like living with hammertoes?

Living with hammertoes can be uncomfortable and can interfere with daily activities, especially if the condition is severe. Hammertoes can cause pain, stiffness, and a reduced range of motion in the affected toes, making it difficult to wear certain types of shoes or perform certain activities such as running or jumping. Some people may also experience self-consciousness or embarrassment about the appearance of their toes. However, with proper treatment and management, many people with hammertoes are able to live normal, active lives.

How can I take care of my hammer toes?

If you have hammertoes, there are several things you can do to take care of them and help alleviate your symptoms:

1-Wear comfortable shoes: Wear shoes that are comfortable and have plenty of room in the toe box. Avoid high heels and shoes with pointed toes, as they can put extra pressure on your toes.

2-Wear shoe inserts: Shoe inserts or custom orthotics can help support your feet and reduce pressure on your toes.

3-Stretch your toes: Gentle stretching exercises can help reduce pain and improve flexibility in your toes.

4-Use over-the-counter pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help relieve pain and inflammation.

5-Apply ice: Applying ice to your toes can help reduce swelling and relieve pain.

6-Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight can put extra pressure on your feet and toes, exacerbating your hammertoe symptoms.

7-Consider surgery: If your hammertoes are severe and causing significant pain or discomfort, your doctor may recommend surgery to correct the problem.

It’s important to consult with your doctor for personalized advice on managing your hammertoes.

When should I see my healthcare provider for hammer toe?

You should see your healthcare provider if you have symptoms of hammertoe, such as pain or difficulty moving your toe. It’s also important to seek medical attention if you notice a change in the appearance of your toe or if you have trouble finding shoes that fit comfortably. If you have diabetes or another condition that affects your circulation, it’s especially important to see your healthcare provider as soon as possible, as hammertoes can lead to serious complications in these individuals.

What questions should I ask my healthcare provider for Hammer Toe?

Here are some questions you can ask your healthcare provider if you have hammer toe:

1-What type of hammer toe do I have?

2-What is causing my hammer toe?

3-Is there anything I can do to prevent my hammer toe from getting worse?

4-What are my treatment options for hammer toe?

5-What is the best treatment option for my specific case of hammer toe?

6-How long will it take for my hammer toe to heal?

7-What are the potential risks and complications of hammer toe surgery?

8-How will hammer toe surgery affect my mobility and ability to perform daily activities?

9-What kind of follow-up care do I need after hammer toe surgery?

10-Are there any exercises or stretches I can do to help with my hammer toe?